It is NOT the aim of Americans for Medicare in Mexico, A.C. (AMMAC) to advocate for wholesale changes or restructuring of Medicare administration. There are reasonable arguments that major changes are called for. It seems likely that changes are coming, as there is significant support in Congress for addressing the many criticisms of the program. But AMMAC is currently focused squarely on the issue of bringing Medicare benefits to eligible seniors in Mexico. To broaden our mandate would dilute our message, and make success of our central goal much less likely.Senators and leading health care experts say that Medicare will become the test lab for changes aimed at making the overall health care system less wasteful. That may sound more than a little counterintuitive. The fraud and waste in the Medicare Program are legendary. But what is less understood is that in many instances, it is Medicare's use of private entities, and under funding for administrative oversight that are at the root of this problem.
One example involves the relatively new Medicare Part D, a $60 billion prescription drug coverage program. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), which supervises the program, contracts with private insurance companies to provide the drug coverage.
In January 2009, Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-MO) wrote to Medicare administrators, after learning a large majority of the insurance companies participating in the program owed Medicare about $4.6 billion for 2006 alone. As a result of insurer "errors", some beneficiaries had been overcharged. The inspector general for the Department of Health & Human Services, which oversees Medicare, reported that the overcharges were due to mistakes in the bids that insurance companies submit to Medicare to participate in the drug program. Those bids represent estimates of how much revenue the companies would need monthly to provide the basic drug benefit. Medicare is supposed to audit those bids, but the agency is behind in the audits.
At a Senate hearing in late April, it was revealed that a quarter of all the bids for 2006 and 2007 contained "mistakes" that led to higher profits for the insurance companies, and higher costs for subscribers.
Congress is considering significant changes to Medicare administration, which will hopefully address these types of issues. It is clear that the complex system, under-resourced in the area of auditing and administration, has become an invitation to private contractors to pad their bottom lines, with the knowledge that they are unlikely to be caught.
One new approach being proposed for Medicare will stress closer follow-up care by doctors and nurses. It is hoped this will keep chronically ill patients from having to be hospitalized repeatedly. According to a large study, one in five Medicare patients must return to the hospital within a month of discharge. This costs billions of dollars a year, and results in poor health outcomes for seniors. The findings suggest patients aren't told enough about how to take care of themselves and stay healthy before they go home. A few simple things -- like making a doctor's appointment for departing patients -- can help.
Democratic Sen. Max Baucus of Montana says that Medicare is going to be "the driver" for quality improvements throughout the health care system because private insurers follow Medicare policies. Baucus is chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, which began work on Tuesday on a bill to cover the uninsured and to restrain health care costs. Thus far, it is not clear that Sen. Baucus will be supporting a public option that Americans could buy into to cover health expenses. And even if a public option is approved, it may still operate through private contractors, as Medicare does.
What does seem clear from the Baucus plan is that Medicare will still operate by contracting with private entities. Since the beginning of the Medicare program, CMS has contracted with private companies to operate as intermediaries between the government and medical providers. These contractors are commonly already in the insurance or health care area. Contracted processes include claims and payment processing, call center services, clinician enrollment, and fraud investigation.
Our discussions with Members of Congress, as well as with health policy experts and Medicare administrators, makes it clear that any Demonstration Project in Mexico will necessarily be administered under the same general rules as Medicare operates under in the U.S. As a result of extensive meetings in Washington DC during March and April of 2009, AMMAC determined it would be counterproductive to seek a waiver of the general manner under which Medicare is administered.
What does all this mean for Medicare beneficiaries in Mexico, and for the cost of health care services?
- Medicare will not agree - ever - to pay Mexican health care providers directly. This would be both politically impossible and administratively complicated due to:
- Language differences;
- Currency differences;
- Certification oversight for Mexican providers; and
- Managing fraud & abuse in a foreign country.
- Medicare will not agree to reimburse beneficiaries directly for expenses paid out-of-pocket. It would be impossible to control for fraud & abuse under this scenario.
- Tricare for Life/Tricare Overseas Program operates in this manner. That program covers health care expenses for military retirees and their spouses who live outside the U.S., but in Mexico, it is a very small program. Tricare reimburses between 500 and 700 claims per year in Mexico, with an average claim of about US$2,100. For a small program, the cost of developing and administering a fraud control program might cost more than it saves. For a Medicare Demonstration Project that covers perhaps 20,000 beneficiaries or more, controlling for fraud will be a program requirement.
- Health care providers that participate in the Demonstration Project may incur increased costs. This is because Medicare will only agree to work with providers that are certified, either by the Joint Commission International (JCI); Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO); or at least by the Comisión Nacional de Certificación de Hospitales (Mexican certification). This is perhaps the strongest argument AGAINST bringing Medicare to Mexico. But the following facts mitigate the force of arguments against the program:
- Many Mexican hospitals and clinics are already working toward certification. This is largely being undertaken in order to compete for the lucrative medical tourism market, which comes mainly from the U.S.
- India, Singapore, Thailand, and Brazil currently have more certified health care providers, and more hospital beds per capita than does Mexico. These countries are aggressively pursuing medical tourism, and have health care costs roughly similar to Mexico, even with higher certification rates. Geographically, Mexico has an advantage in attracting medical tourist patients from the U.S., but needs to catch up in both quality and quantity of services. The Mexican healthcare industry is aggressively working to close these gaps.
- The Mexican Secretary of Health has set a goal that 80% of both IMSS and ISSTE hospitals (the public health system hospitals in Mexico) will be certified by 2012. This effort has been ongoing for the past 10 years. Currently about 45% of public hospitals are accredited under the Mexican system, and the next steps include plans for international certification of some public hospitals.
- The momentum toward certification of public hospitals is also pushing private institutions to get certified, as a means of competing for both national and international patients. In 2009, five private hospitals have achieved certification from JCI, and more are coming.
Link for more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)